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Gostd

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Gostd is the golang standard library implementation in rust-lang.

Gostd是rust-lang中的golang标准库实现。

rust 语法比go复杂，但是go代码简单好理解，想通过这个项目把go的标准库通过rust实现。以后有什么go的项目可以通过它方便翻译代码到rust，比如把 import "bytes" 改成 use gostd::bytes 就可以实现转换。

本项目纯粹个人兴趣，大概率会失败，但是梦想还是要有的万一它实现了。

go to rust,to be rust or to be failed.

已知难点

  • go底层特性可能无法用rust实现，比如跟运行时相关的反射reflect，如果有依赖此库需要通过rust中的方式处理。
  • 基础数据类型的转换，比如string是否采用自定义类型比如GoString来实现还是用string，float64(go) -> f64(rust)等等。
  • 还有指针类型，幸好go的指针操作相比rust要少。
  • go中的接口如何用rust的trait的实现？个人感觉还相对比较容易
  • go中的不定参数在rust中只能用宏实现，这个比较麻烦，个人目前还不知道宏能不能像方法一样绑定到sturct上。

需要用rust实现的go标准库列表，go.1.17.1代码做参考。

go 这个包不会实现，因为我们转换成rust基本用不上这个包。

├── archive
├── bufio
├── builtin
├── bytes
├── cmd
├── compress
├── container
├── context
├── crypto
├── database
├── debug
├── embed
├── encoding
├── errors
├── expvar
├── flag
├── fmt
├── go
├── hash
├── html
├── image
├── index
├── internal
├── io
├── log
├── math
├── mime
├── net
├── os
├── path
├── plugin
├── reflect
├── regexp
├── runtime
├── sort
├── strconv
├── strings
├── sync
├── syscall
├── testdata
├── testing
├── text
├── time
├── unicode
├── unsafe
└── vendor

对应预期实现后的gostd的Model列表

use gostd::archive
use gostd::bufio
use gostd::builtin
use gostd::bytes
use gostd::cmd
use gostd::compress
use gostd::container
use gostd::context
use gostd::crypto
use gostd::database
use gostd::debug
use gostd::embed
use gostd::encoding
use gostd::errors
use gostd::expvar
use gostd::flag
use gostd::fmt
use gostd::go
use gostd::hash
use gostd::html
use gostd::image
use gostd::index
use gostd::internal
use gostd::io
use gostd::log
use gostd::math
use gostd::mime
use gostd::net
use gostd::os
use gostd::path
use gostd::plugin
use gostd::reflect
use gostd::regexp
use gostd::runtime
use gostd::sort
use gostd::strconv
use gostd::strings
use gostd::sync
use gostd::syscall
use gostd::testdata
use gostd::testing
use gostd::text
use gostd::time
use gostd::unicode
use gostd::unsafe
use gostd::vendor

大致方向

  • 分析go标准库的依赖情况，从最底层的库开始实现。
  • go源码中的单元测试也会一并用rust实现，这样可以保证代码的健壮性。

todo

  • Go基础类型在rust实现，在gostd::builtin 中,比如 int64 = i64, int32 = i32
  • 强制转换宏,例如 2 as i64 等价 int64!(2) 跟Go的int64(2)就多个！
  • time库在rust实现 gostd::time
  • time库支持macOSX 和linux平台，通过libc库调用C函数实现 time::Now()
  • time，支持各种格式显示时间。
  • docs.rs文档增加例子程序"RUN"按钮,但是要复制代码本地运行,在rust play运行不了(因为下载量没到前100)。
  • time支持local时区信息自动从系统读取，可以用time::Now()获取本地时间。
  • strings模块，字符串处理函数已完成。除了Reader相关方法还没全实现。(version >=0.2.3)
  • strings模块, 完成剩余的方法实现。(version >=0.2.4)
  • io模块,完成部分接口例如Reader，Writer等。(version >=0.2.4)
  • http模块的client客户端功能，支持http和https。(version >=0.2.6)
  • 完成bytes模块。(version >=0.2.8)
  • 完成mime::multipart模块。(version >=0.3.1)
  • 修复windos10平台编译失败的bug。(version>=0.3.18)
  • 对net/http模块，自定义错误处理上的优化，引入bytes提高性能，api会有参数类型的变化(version>=0.4.1)
  • 对net/http模块，增加异步编程的支持，独立一个模块async_http支持异步编程，原来模块保持不变。(version>=0.4.3)
  • net::http,net::url,io,strings,unicode,bytes 独立发布包。

独立发布包

独立发布gostd_time，代码等价于 use gostd::time 。

独立发布gostd_builtin, 代码等价于 use gostd::builtin 。

独立发布gostd_unicode, 代码等价于 use gostd::unicode 。

独立发布gostd_http, 代码等价于 use gostd::net::http 。

独立发布gostd_strings, 代码等价于 use gostd::strings 。

独立发布gostd_bytes, 代码等价于 use gostd::bytes 。

独立发布gostd_url, 代码等价于 use gostd::net::url 。

独立发布gostd_io, 代码等价于 use gostd::io 。

使用例子

multipart模块

form-data Body (文本字段)

use gostd::bytes;
use gostd::mime::multipart::Writer;
use gostd::net::http::{Client, Method, Request};
fn main() -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
    let mut body = bytes::Buffer::new();
    let mut w = Writer::new(&mut body);
    w.WriteField("requestId", "12121231231")?;
    w.WriteField("name", "刘xxx")?;
    w.Close()?;
    let contentType = w.FormDataContentType();
    let url = "http://www.baidu.com";
    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, url, Some(body.Bytes().into()))?;
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentType.as_str());
    let mut client = Client::New();
    let response = client.Do(&mut req)?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.unwrap().to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

form-data Body (带文件附件)

use gostd::bytes;
use gostd::mime::multipart::Writer;
use gostd::net::http::{Client, Method, Request};
use std::fs;

fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mut body = bytes::Buffer::new();
    let mut w = Writer::new(&mut body);

    // 1. 添加普通文本字段
    w.WriteField("title", "测试上传附件")?;

    // 2. 创建文件表单部分
    // CreateFormFile 返回底层 buffer 的可变引用，可直接写入文件字节
    let mut file_part = w.CreateFormFile("file_field_name", "example.txt")?;

    // 3. 读取本地文件并写入
    let content = fs::read("test_file.txt")?; 
    file_part.Write(content)?;

    // 4. 关闭 Writer 以写入最后的 boundary 边界
    w.Close()?;

    let contentType = w.FormDataContentType();
    let url = "http://example.com/api/upload";

    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, url, Some(body.Bytes().into()))?;
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentType.as_str());

    let mut client = Client::New();
    let response = client.Do(&mut req)?;

    println!("Response status: {}", response.Status);
    Ok(())
}

http模块

Async 异步http

默认不启用异步方式

features =["async-std-rt"] // 使用async_std 异步运行时
或者 features =["tokio-rt"] // 使用 tokio 异步运行时

使用async_std

Cargo.toml配置：

async-std = {version = "1.13" ,features = ["attributes"]}
gostd = { version = "0.4" ,features =["async-std-rt"]}
  1. POST
use gostd::net::http::async_http 

#[async_std::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";
    let postbody = r#"{"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
   .as_bytes()
   .to_vec();
    let response = async_http::Post(url, "application/json", Some(postbody.into())).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{async_http::AsyncClient, Method, Request};

#[async_std::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";

    let postbody = r#"{
      "id": 0,
      "category": {
        "id": 0,
        "name": "string"
      },
      "name": "doggie",
      "photoUrls": [
        "string"
      ],
      "tags": [
        {
          "id": 0,
          "name": "string"
        }
      ],
      "status": "available"
    }"#
    .as_bytes()
    .to_vec();

    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, url, Some(postbody.into()))?;

    req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json");
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");
    let mut client = AsyncClient::New();
    let response = client.Do(&mut req).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}
// output
// {"id":92233723685477587,"category":{"id":,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}
  1. GET
use gostd::net::http::async_http;

#[async_std::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let response = async_http::Get(url).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{async_http::AsyncClient, Method, Request};

#[async_std::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Get, url, None)?;
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");

    let mut client = AsyncClient::New();

    let response = client.Do(&mut req).await?;
    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

使用tokio

Cargo.toml配置：

tokio = { version = "1.44", features = ["full"] }
gostd = { version = "0.4" ,features =["tokio-rt""]}
  1. POST
use gostd::net::http::async_http 

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";
    let postbody = r#"{"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
   .as_bytes()
   .to_vec();
    let response = async_http::Post(url, "application/json", Some(postbody.into())).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{async_http::AsyncClient, Method, Request};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";

    let postbody = r#"{
      "id": 0,
      "category": {
        "id": 0,
        "name": "string"
      },
      "name": "doggie",
      "photoUrls": [
        "string"
      ],
      "tags": [
        {
          "id": 0,
          "name": "string"
        }
      ],
      "status": "available"
    }"#
    .as_bytes()
    .to_vec();

    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, url, Some(postbody.into()))?;

    req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json");
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");
    let mut client = AsyncClient::New();
    let response = client.Do(&mut req).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}
// output
// {"id":92233723685477587,"category":{"id":,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}
  1. GET
use gostd::net::http::async_http;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let response = async_http::Get(url).await?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{async_http::AsyncClient, Method, Request};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Get, url, None)?;
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");

    let mut client = AsyncClient::New();

    let response = client.Do(&mut req).await?;
    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error").to_vec()).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

Sync 同步http

client客户端

  1. POST
use gostd::net::http;
fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";
    let postbody = r#"{"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
   .as_bytes()
   .to_vec();
    let response = http::Post(url, "application/json", Some(postbody))?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error")).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{Client, Method, Request};

fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {

    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet";

    let postbody = r#"{
      "id": 0,
      "category": {
        "id": 0,
        "name": "string"
      },
      "name": "doggie",
      "photoUrls": [
        "string"
      ],
      "tags": [
        {
          "id": 0,
          "name": "string"
        }
      ],
      "status": "available"
    }"#
    .as_bytes()
    .to_vec();

    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, url, Some(postbody))?;

    req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json");
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");
    let mut client = Client::New();
    let response = client.Do(&mut req)?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error")).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

// output
// {"id":92233723685477587,"category":{"id":,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}
  1. GET
use gostd::net::http;

fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let response = http::Get(url)?;

    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error")).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

或者

use gostd::net::http::{Client, Method, Request};

fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {

    let url = "https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available";
    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Get, url, None)?;
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json");

    let mut client = Client::New();

    let response = client.Do(&mut req)?;
    println!(
        "{}",
        String::from_utf8(response.Body.expect("return body error")).unwrap()
    );

    Ok(())
}

JSON 处理 (配合 serde_json)

推荐配合 Rust 社区标准库 serde 和 serde_json 来处理结构化数据。

use gostd::net::http::{Method, Request, AsyncClient};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct User {
    id: u64,
    name: String,
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    // 1. 序列化
    let user = User { id: 1, name: "Alice".into() };
    let body = serde_json::to_vec(&user)?;

    // 2. 发送
    let mut client = AsyncClient::New();
    let mut req = Request::New(Method::Post, "http://api.example.com/user", Some(body.into()))?;
    let response = client.Do(&mut req).await?;

    // 3. 反序列化响应
    if let Some(data) = response.Body {
        let resp_user: User = serde_json::from_slice(&data)?;
        println!("Received: {:?}", resp_user);
    }
    Ok(())
}

strings模块

  1. 字符串替换 strings::ReplaceAll()
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    assert_eq!(
        "moo moo moo",
        strings::ReplaceAll("oink oink oink", "oink", "moo")
    );
}
  1. 字符串分割 strings::Split()
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    assert_eq!(vec!["a", "b", "c"], strings::Split("a,b,c", ","));
    assert_eq!(
        vec!["", "man ", "plan ", "canal panama"],
        strings::Split("a man a plan a canal panama", "a ")
    );
    assert_eq!(
        vec!["", " ", "x", "y", "z", " ", ""],
        strings::Split(" xyz ", "")
    );
    assert_eq!(vec![""], strings::Split("", "Bernardo O'Higgins"));
}
  1. 字符串位置查找 strings::Index
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    assert_eq!(4, strings::Index("chicken", "ken"));
    assert_eq!(-1, strings::Index("chicken", "dmr"));
}
  1. 将多个字符串连接成一个新字符串 strings::Join
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    let s = vec!["foo", "bar", "baz"];
    assert_eq!("foo, bar, baz", strings::Join(s, ", "));
}
  1. 字符串转换成大写 strings::ToUpper
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    assert_eq!("GOPHER", strings::ToUpper("Gopher"));
}
  1. 字符串转换成小写 strings::ToLower
use gostd::strings;

fn main() {

    assert_eq!("gopher", strings::ToLower("Gopher"));
}

About

Gostd is the golang standard library implementation in rust-lang.

crates.io/crates/gostd

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